1. The free speech rights of Communists have often been violated.
2. During wartime, limitations on civil rights have been upheld by judicial action.
3. The rights of protestors have been preserved even in times of national stress.
4. Economic interests of foreign nations are frequently upheld in United States courts.

1. the power of the Supreme Court does not extend to cases of race
2. Congress could not pass a law depriving territorial residents of their property
3. a national vote should be held to decide the legality of slavery
4. the economic well-being of the western states depended on slave labor

1. voting rights of minorities
2. guarantees of free speech and press
3. principle of separation of church and state
4. rights of accused persons

1. some aspects of the New Deal were declared unconstitutional
2. State governments took over relief agencies
3. ) Congress was forced to abandon efforts to improve the economy
4. the constitutional authority of the President was greatly expanded

1. reluctance to overturn state laws
2. insistence on restricting freedom of speech to spoken words
3. expansion of individual rights in criminal cases
4. refusal to reconsider the issues of the Plessy v. Ferguson case

1. free speech and governmental authority
2. the use of search warrants and the rights of the accused
3. state powers and Federal powers
4. religious freedom and separation of church and state

1. The needs of the government are more important than civil liberties.
2. Constitutional protections of liberty are not absolute.
3. The Supreme Court can eliminate freedoms listed in the Bill of Rights.
4. The Bill of Rights does not safeguard individual liberties.

1. The freedoms guaranteed in the Bill of Rights are virtually unlimited
2. Government has the right to suspend any rights at any time.
3. Individual rights can be limited in the national interest
4. The balance between individual rights and the general social welfare almost always favors individual rights.

1. advanced civil rights for minorities
2. upheld the constitutionality of a national bank
3. limited Presidential control of foreign policy
4. established the power of judicial review

–Brown v. Board of Education

The effect of this Supreme Court ruling was to

1. establish affirmative action programs in higher education
2. require the integration of public schools
3. desegregate the armed forces and the military academies
4. force states to spend an equal amount on each public school student

1. House of Representatives to impeach the president
2. Congress to override a presidential veto
3. president to veto congressional legislation
4. Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of laws

1. The system of slavery was weakened.
2. The federal government was strengthened.
3. The rights of workers were supported.
4. Antitrust laws were upheld.  

1. eliminating the poll tax as a voting requirement
2. preventing the use of organized prayer in public schools
3. requiring equal pay for men and women performing the same job
4. expanding the constitutional rights of people accused of crimes  

1. a speedy trial
2. reasonable bail
3. a reading of his or her rights at the time of arrest
4. protection against cruel or unusual punishment  

1. integration of public facilities
2. rights of the accused
3. presidential powers
4. equality in the workplace  

1. Baker v. Carr
2. Gideon v. Wainwright
3. Mapp v. Ohio
4. Roe v. Wade

1. expanded the rights of the accused
2. granted more powers to federal judges
3. lengthened prison sentences for the guilty
4. reinstated the use of capital punishment  

1. freedom of religion
2. freedom of the press
3. the right to bear arms
4. the right to counsel  

1. freedom of the press
2. the rights of students in school
3. freedom of religion
4. the rights of prison inmates

1. meaning of a republican form of government
2. powers delegated specifically to Congress
3. president’s right to executive privilege
4. rights guaranteed by the 1st amendment  

1. protection of property rights
2. freedom of speech
3. right to privacy
4. freedom of religion

1. has unlimited use of the veto power
2. is protected from unfair media criticism
3. may not be convicted of a crime
4. is not above the law  

Which constitutional idea was the basis for this Supreme Court decision?

1. protection against double jeopardy
2. equal protection of the law
3. freedom of speech
4. right of assembly  

1. the accused
2. women
3. military veterans
4. persons with disabilities  

1. due process clause of the 5th Amendment
2. states’ rights provision of the 10th Amendment
3. equal protection clause in the 14th Amendment
4. voting rights provision in the 15th Amendment  

This quotation illustrates the Supreme Court’s power to

1. uphold previous decisions
2. overrule state laws
3. check the powers of the executive branch
4. provide for educational funding  

1. states may not secede from the Union
2. racial segregation was constitutional
3. slaves are property and may not be taken from their owners
4. all western territories should be open to slavery  

1. “Congress Passes a Civil Rights Bill”
2. “Conference Committee Meets to Finalize Budget”
3. “New York State’s Reapportionment Plan Ruled Unconstitutional”
4. “President Signs SALT Agreement with Russia”  

1. immigrants have limited rights
2. freedom of speech is not absolute
3. rights of the accused may not be limited
4. women should be granted suffrage  

1. restricted attendance in churches
2. mandated home-based prayer
3. declared school-sponsored prayer unconstitutional
4. banned public observance of religious holidays  

1. denied due process of law
2. denied a speedy and public trial
3. victimized by illegal search and seizure
4. sentenced to cruel and unusual punishment  

1. denied Congress the power to regulate slavery in the territories
2. allowed for the importation of enslaved persons for ten years
3. prohibited slavery in lands west of the Mississippi River
4. gave full citizenship to all enslaved persons

1. freedom of religion
2. freedom from unreasonable search
3. separation of powers
4. rights of the accused

1. a reduction of federal influence in economic affairs
2. an increase in the power of the federal government over the states
3. a greater role for Congress in foreign policy
4. a limitation on slavery in the states  

1. establish a peacetime draft
2. restrict first amendment rights
3. suspend habeas corpus
4. limit minority voting rights  

1. specific groups of people were being targeted based on race or ethnicity
2. state laws were declared unconstitutional
3. immigrants were relocated to prison camps
4. federal laws segregating public transportation were upheld