Kantian ethics divides into two sets of ideas – or pairs of opposites. The key to understanding Kant is to try to understand the difference between these pairs, and then understand the sequence reading down the diagram below. Kant is unusual as he believes that morality is a category of human understanding which derives a priori from the world of ideas alone. The utilitarians derive morality from the empirical a a posteriori world of experience: Kant derives it from a priori reason.

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